B
No.17-9银卡 · B 级证据
老人的白内障已经影响看路，就去眼科评估做手术；两只眼都有的，第二只别拖太久
说人话
70 岁以上的女性尽快做第一只眼的白内障手术，一年里跌倒的次数少约三成四，骨折的人也少了。但摔过跤的人数没有少。第二只眼做不做，跌倒上没看出明显差别。做了手术的老人，一年内髋部骨折低约一成六。
收益 · 换回什么
一项随机试验找了 306 名 70 岁以上、有白内障的女性。一半在约 4 周内做第一只眼的手术，另一半按常规等 12 个月。一年里，尽快做手术的人跌倒次数少约 34%。原值是跌倒率之比 0.66，可信范围 95% CI 0.45 到 0.96。跌过至少一次的人，手术组 49%，等待组 45%，没有少。跌过两次以上的人，手术组 18%，等待组 25%。手术组 4 人骨折（3%），等待组 12 人（8%）。Cochrane 综述收了这项试验，结论是女性第一只眼的手术减少了跌倒次数，第二只眼的手术没有。第二只眼的随机试验找了 239 名 70 岁以上的女性。手术组跌倒率低 32%，但差别可能是碰巧（跌倒率之比 0.68，95% CI 0.39 到 1.19）。美国医保 5% 抽样里，有 1113640 名 65 岁以上的白内障病人（2002 到 2009 年）。这项研究只是跟踪记录，没有分组对照。做了手术的人，一年内髋部骨折的几率低约 16%（OR 0.84，95% CI 0.81 到 0.87）。绝对差是 0.20 个百分点，约每 1000 人少 2 例
来源 · 9 条链接Harwood RH, Foss AJ, Osborn F, Gregson RM, Zaman A, Masud T (2005). Falls and health status in elderly women following first eye cataract surgery: a randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Ophthalmology, 89(1), 53-59. doi.org/…
Foss AJ, Harwood RH, Osborn F, Gregson RM, Zaman A, Masud T (2006). Falls and health status in elderly women following second eye cataract surgery: a randomised controlled trial. Age and Ageing, 35(1), 66-71. doi.org/…
Gillespie LD, Robertson MC, Gillespie WJ, et al. (2012). Interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the community. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 9, CD007146. doi.org/…
Tseng VL, Yu F, Lum F, Coleman AL (2012). Risk of fractures following cataract surgery in Medicare beneficiaries. JAMA, 308(5), 493-501. doi.org/…
Desapriya E, Subzwari S, Scime-Beltrano G, et al. (2010). Vision improvement and reduction in falls after expedited cataract surgery: systematic review and metaanalysis. Journal of Cataract and Refractive Surgery, 36(1), 13-19. doi.org/…
Meuleners LB, Lee AH, Ng JQ, Morlet N, Fraser ML (2012). First eye cataract surgery and hospitalization from injuries due to a fall: a population-based study. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 60(9), 1730-1733. doi.org/…
Meuleners LB, Fraser ML, Ng J, Morlet N (2014). The impact of first- and second-eye cataract surgery on injurious falls that require hospitalisation: a whole-population study. Age and Ageing, 43(3), 341-346. doi.org/…
Keay L, Ho KC, Rogers K, et al. (2022). The incidence of falls after first and second eye cataract surgery: a longitudinal cohort study. Medical Journal of Australia, 217(2), 94-99. doi.org/…
国家卫生健康委 (2022). 「十四五」全国眼健康规划（2021-2025年）. gov.cn/…
Foss AJ, Harwood RH, Osborn F, Gregson RM, Zaman A, Masud T (2006). Falls and health status in elderly women following second eye cataract surgery: a randomised controlled trial. Age and Ageing, 35(1), 66-71. doi.org/…
Gillespie LD, Robertson MC, Gillespie WJ, et al. (2012). Interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the community. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 9, CD007146. doi.org/…
Tseng VL, Yu F, Lum F, Coleman AL (2012). Risk of fractures following cataract surgery in Medicare beneficiaries. JAMA, 308(5), 493-501. doi.org/…
Desapriya E, Subzwari S, Scime-Beltrano G, et al. (2010). Vision improvement and reduction in falls after expedited cataract surgery: systematic review and metaanalysis. Journal of Cataract and Refractive Surgery, 36(1), 13-19. doi.org/…
Meuleners LB, Lee AH, Ng JQ, Morlet N, Fraser ML (2012). First eye cataract surgery and hospitalization from injuries due to a fall: a population-based study. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 60(9), 1730-1733. doi.org/…
Meuleners LB, Fraser ML, Ng J, Morlet N (2014). The impact of first- and second-eye cataract surgery on injurious falls that require hospitalisation: a whole-population study. Age and Ageing, 43(3), 341-346. doi.org/…
Keay L, Ho KC, Rogers K, et al. (2022). The incidence of falls after first and second eye cataract surgery: a longitudinal cohort study. Medical Journal of Australia, 217(2), 94-99. doi.org/…
国家卫生健康委 (2022). 「十四五」全国眼健康规划（2021-2025年）. gov.cn/…